Ko te whakamatautau tohu tetahi waahanga nui o te pupuri i te pono o te haumaru o a tatou punaha taputapu haumaru (SIS) me nga punaha e pa ana ki te haumaru (hei tauira, nga whakaoho nui, nga punaha ahi me te hau, nga punaha tuitui taputapu, me etahi atu). Ko te whakamatautau tohu he whakamatautau i ia wa ki te kite i nga rahunga kino, te whakamatautau i nga mahi e pa ana ki te haumaru (hei tauira, te tautuhi, te paahi, te whakaoho, te tātaritanga, te kati a-ringa, me etahi atu), me te whakarite kia tutuki te punaha ki nga paerewa kamupene me waho. Ko nga hua o nga whakamatautau tohu he ine ano mo te whaihuatanga o te kaupapa SIS miihini me te pono o te punaha.
Ko nga tikanga whakamatautau tohu e hipoki ana i nga waahanga whakamatautau mai i te whiwhi whakaaetanga, te tuku whakamohiotanga me te tango i te punaha ki waho o te ratonga mo te whakamatautau ki te whakarite i nga whakamatautau matawhānui, te tuhi i te whakamatautau tohu me ona hua, te whakahoki i te punaha ki te ratonga, me te arotake i nga hua whakamatautau o naianei me nga tohu o mua. hua whakamatautau.
ANSI/ISA/IEC 61511-1, Rarangi 16, e hipoki ana i nga whakamatautau tohu SIS. Ko te purongo hangarau a ISA TR84.00.03 - "Te Tikanga Hangarau o nga Pūnaha Whakangungu Haumaru (SIS)," ka kapi i nga whakamatautau tohu, kei te whakatikatikahia i tenei wa me te putanga hou e tumanakohia ana ka puta wawe. Ko te ripoata hangarau a ISA TR96.05.02 - Ko te "Whakamatau Whakaaturanga i roto i te waahi o nga Waea Aunoa" kei te whakawhanakehia i tenei wa.
Ko te ripoata a te UK HSE CRR 428/2002 - "Maapono mo te whakamatautau tohu o nga punaha taputapu haumaru i roto i te umanga matū" e whakarato ana i nga korero mo te whakamatautau tohu me nga mahi a nga kamupene i te UK.
Ko te tikanga whakamatautau tohu e ahu mai ana i runga i te tātaritanga o nga momo rahunga kino e mohiotia ana mo ia waahanga o te ara haerenga mo te mahi taputapu haumaru (SIF), te mahinga SIF hei punaha, me pehea (mehemea) te whakamatautau mo te rahunga kino. aratau. Me timata te whanaketanga o nga tikanga i roto i te waahanga hoahoa SIF me te hoahoa punaha, te kowhiringa o nga waahanga, me te whakatau mo te wa me pehea te whakamatau i te whakamatautau. Ko nga taputapu SIS he rereke nga tohu o te uaua whakamatautau me whai whakaaro ki te hoahoa SIF, te mahi me te tiaki. Hei tauira, he maamaa ake te whakamatautau i nga mita orifice me nga kaiwhakawhiti pehanga atu i nga mita rerenga papatipu Coriolis, nga mita mag, nga pūoko taumata radar-a-rangi ranei. Ka taea hoki e te tono me te hoahoa whaowhao te pa ki te matawhānui o te whakamatautau tohu takirere ki te whakarite ko nga ngoikoretanga kino me te tiimata mai i te paheketanga, te hono, te rahunga-waahi ranei e kore e arai ki te koretake i roto i te waa whakamatautau kua tohua.
Ahakoa ka whakawhanakehia nga tikanga whakamatautau tohu i roto i te waahanga miihini SIF, me arotake ano e te paetukutuku SIS Manahanga Hangarau, Mahi me nga kaitoi taputapu ka mahi i nga whakamatautau. Me mahi ano he tātaritanga haumaru mahi (JSA). He mea nui ki te whakauru mai i te tipu mo nga whakamatautau ka mahia me ahea, me te kaha o te tinana me te haumaru. Hei tauira, kaore he pai ki te tohu i nga whakamatautau-whiu i te wa kaore te roopu Mahi e whakaae ki te mahi. E taunaki ana kia arotakehia nga tikanga whakamatautau e tetahi tohunga kaupapa kaupapa motuhake (SME). Ko nga whakamatautau angamaheni e hiahiatia ana mo te whakamatautau tohu mahi katoa e whakaatuhia ana i te Whakaahua 1.
Ko nga whakaritenga whakamatautau tohu mahi katoa Whakaahua 1: Ko te whakakitenga whakamatautau tohu mahi katoa mo tetahi mahi taputapu haumaru (SIF) me tana punaha taputapu haumaru (SIS) me tuhi, tirohia ranei nga waahanga o te raupapa mai i nga whakaritenga whakamatautau me nga tikanga whakamatautau ki nga panui me nga tuhinga. .
Whakaahua 1: Ko te whakaingoatanga whakamatautau mo te mahi taputapu haumaru (SIF) me tana punaha taputapu haumaru (SIS) me tuhi, me titiro ranei ki nga waahanga raupapa mai i nga whakaritenga whakamatautau me nga tikanga whakamatautau ki nga panui me nga tuhinga.
Ko te whakamatautau tohu he mahi tiaki kua whakamaheretia me mahi e nga kaimahi mohio kua whakangungua ki te whakamatautau SIS, te tikanga tohu, me nga koropiko SIS ka whakamatauhia e ratou. Me whai haere tonu i mua i te mahi i te whakamatautau tohu tuatahi, me te whakahoki urupare ki te pae Mana Hangarau SIS i muri mai mo nga whakapainga, whakatikatika ranei.
E rua nga momo rahunga tuatahi (he haumaru, he kino ranei), ka wehewehea kia wha nga momo—morearea kare e kitea, he kino ka kitea (ma te taatai), he haumaru kaore i kitea me te haumaru ka kitea. Ko nga kupu rahunga kino me te kino karekau e kitea e whakamahia ana i roto i tenei tuhinga.
I roto i nga whakamatautau tohu SIF, ka aro nui matou ki nga momo rahunga kino kaore i kitea, engari ki te mea kei reira nga whakamatautau a nga kaiwhakamahi ka kitea nga rahunga kino, me whakamatauhia enei tātaritanga. Kia mahara, kaore i te rite ki nga tātaritanga a te kaiwhakamahi, kaore e taea te whakamana i nga tātaritanga o roto o te taputapu e te kaiwhakamahi, a ka taea e tenei te whakaawe i te rapunga whakaaro whakamatautau. Ina tangohia te nama mo nga tātaritanga i roto i nga tataunga SIL, me whakamatau nga puoho tātaritanga (hei tauira, nga puoho i waho o te awhe) hei waahanga o te whakamatautau tohu.
Ka taea te wehewehea nga momo rahunga ki era i whakamatauria i te wa o te whakamatautau tohu, ko nga mea kare i whakamatauria, me nga rahunga o te timatanga me nga rahunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te waa. Ko etahi o nga momo rahunga kino kaore pea i te whakamatau tika mo nga take rereke (hei tauira, he uaua, he mahi miihini, he whakatau whakahaere ranei, he kuare, he koretake, he kore, he hapa nahanaha ranei, he iti te tupono ka puta, me etahi atu). Mena kei te mohiotia nga ahuatanga kore e whakamatauria, me utu te utu i roto i te hoahoa taputapu, te tikanga whakamatautau, te whakakapi i nga taputapu i ia wa, i te hanga ano ranei, me/ranei me mahi whakamatautau hei whakaiti i te paanga ki te pono o te SIF kaore i te whakamatautau.
Ko te rahunga o te timatanga he ahua whakaheke, he ahuatanga ranei e tika ana kia puta he rahunga kino, kino ki te kore e mahia nga mahi whakatika i te waa. I te nuinga o te wa ka kitea ma te whakataurite i nga mahi ki nga whakamatautau tohu tohu o mua ake nei ranei (hei tauira, te hainatanga takirere, te wa whakautu takirere ranei) ma te tirotiro ranei (hei tauira, te tauranga whakauru). Ko te nuinga o nga wa ka tiimata nga rahungatanga—ka roa te wa e mahi ana te taputapu, te huihuinga ranei, ka nui haere te kino; Ko nga ahuatanga e pai ai te rahunga matapōkere ka kaha ake, ka mahi te tauranga tauranga, te hanga pūoko ranei i roto i te waa, kua pau te oranga whaihua, me etahi atu. Ko nga whakamarumaru ki nga rahungatanga katahi ano ka whakamatauria (te horoi tauranga, te whakamaarama wera, me etahi atu).
Me tuhi nga tikanga ki te whakamatautau mo nga rahunga kino (kaore i kitea). Ka taea e te aratau rahua me te tātari paanga (FMEA) te aratau rahunga ranei, te paanga me te tātaritanga tātaritanga (FMEDA) ka awhina i te tautuhi i nga rahunga kino kaore i kitea, me nga waahi me whakapai ake te kapinga whakamatautau.
He maha nga tikanga whakamatautau ka tuhia i runga i nga wheako me nga tauira mai i nga tikanga o naianei. Ko nga tikanga hou me nga SIF uaua ake e tono ana kia kaha ake te mahi miihini ma te whakamahi i te FMEA/FMEDA ki te tātari mo nga rahunga kino, te whakatau me pehea te whakamatautau karekau ranei mo aua rahunga, me te kapinga o nga whakamatautau. Kei te Whakaaturanga 2 te ahua 2. Ko te FMEA me mahi mo tetahi momo taputapu me te whakamahi ano mo nga taputapu rite me te whakaaro ki o raatau ratonga tukatuka, whakaurunga me te waahi whakamatautau. .
Te tātari rahunga taumata-tono Whakaahua 2: Ko tenei hoahoa poraka tātari aratau rahunga-tono-tono mo te pukoro me te kaiwhakawhiti pehanga (PT) e whakaatu ana i nga mahi nui ka wehewehea ki roto i nga tātari rahunga moroiti maha hei tautuhi i nga rahunga ka taea te whakatika. i roto i nga whakamatautau mahi.
Pikitia 2: Ko tenei hoahoa poraka tātari aratau ngoikore taumata-tono mo te pukoro me te kaiwhakawhiti pehanga (PT) e whakaatu ana i nga mahi nui ka pakaruhia ki roto i nga tātari rahunga moroiti maha hei tautuhi i nga rahunga ka taea te whakatika i roto i nga whakamatautau mahi.
Ko te paheketanga o nga rahunga e mohiotia ana, kino, kaore i kitea he tohu whakamatautau ka kiia ko te kapinga whakamatautau tohu (PTC). Kei te whakamahia te PTC i roto i nga tatauranga SIL hei "utu" mo te korenga o te whakamatau i te SIF. He pohehe te whakaaro o te tangata na te mea kua whakaaro ratou ki te kore o te kapinga whakamatautau i roto i ta raatau tatauranga SIL, kua hangaia he SIF pono. Ko te mea ngawari, ki te mea he 75% to kapinga whakamatautau, a ki te whakauru koe i taua nama ki roto i to tatauranga SIL me nga mea whakamatautau kei te whakamatautau tonu koe, 25% o nga rahunga kino ka puta tonu i te tatauranga. Kare au e pai kia uru ki roto i tera 25%.
Ko nga purongo whakaae a FMEDA me nga pukapuka haumaru mo nga taputapu e whakarato ana i te tikanga whakamatautau tohu iti me te kapinga whakamatautau tohu. Ko enei anake he aratohu, kaua ko nga waahanga whakamatautau katoa e hiahiatia ana mo te tikanga whakamatautau tohu matawhānui. Ko etahi atu momo tātaritanga rahunga, penei i te tātari rakau hapa me te tiaki i runga i te pono, ka whakamahia hoki hei tātari mo nga rahunga kino.
Ka taea te wehewehe i nga whakamatautau tohu ki nga mahi tino mahi (mutunga-ki-te-mutunga) me te whakamatautau mahi waahanga (Whakaahua 3). Ka mahia nga whakamatautau waahanga mahi ina he rereke nga waahi whakamatautau o nga waahanga o te SIF i roto i nga tatauranga SIL kaore i te hono ki nga katinga kua whakamaherehia, ka huri ranei. He mea nui kia īnaki nga tukanga whakamatautau tohu mahi kia taea ai te whakamatautau tahi i nga mahi haumaru katoa o te SIF. Ma te whakamatautau i nga waahanga mahi, kei te taunaki tonu kia whai whakamatautau te SIF i tetahi whakamatautau tohu mutunga-ki-mutunga, me etahi o muri mai i te wa e huri ana.
Ko nga whakamatautau tohu tohu me taapiri ake te Whakaahua 3: Ko nga whakamatautau whakahiato waahanga (raro) me hipoki nga mahi katoa o te whakamatautau tohu mahi katoa (runga).
Whakaahua 3: Ko nga whakamatautau whakahiato waahanga (raro) me hipoki nga mahi katoa o te whakamatautau tohu mahi katoa (runga).
Ko tetahi whakamatautau tohu tohu ka whakamatau noa i te paheketanga o nga momo rahunga o te taputapu. Ko te tauira noa ko te whakamatautau takiwhitu-whiu, ka nekehia te riipene he iti (10-20%) ki te manatoko kaore i mau. He iti ake te kapinga whakamatautau tohu tenei i te whakamatautau tohu i te waahi whakamatautau tuatahi.
Ko nga tikanga whakamatautau tohu ka rereke te uaua ki te uaua o te SIF me te tikanga whakamatautau a te kamupene. Ko etahi o nga kamupene e tuhi ana i nga tikanga whakamatautau-a-taahiraa, ko etahi atu he tikanga poto. Ko nga tohutoro ki etahi atu tikanga, penei i te whakatikatika paerewa, ka whakamahia i etahi wa hei whakaiti i te rahi o te tikanga whakamatautau tohu me te whakarite kia rite tonu te whakamatautau. Ko te tikanga whakamatautau pai me whakarato i nga korero nui hei whakarite kia tutuki pai nga whakamatautau katoa me te tuhi, engari kaua e nui rawa nga korero e hiahia ana nga kaitoi ki te peke. Ma te kaitoi, kei a ia te kawenga mo te mahi i te taahiraa whakamatautau, i te timatanga o te waahanga whakamatautau ka taea te whakarite kia tika te mahi. Ko te hainatanga o te whakamatautau tohu kua oti e te Kaitirotiro Taputapu me nga Kai-whakahaere ka whakanui i te hiranga me te whakapumau i tetahi whakamatautau tohu kua oti tika.
Me tono nga urupare a nga tohunga hangarau hei awhina i te whakapai ake i te tikanga. Ko te angitu o te tikanga whakamatautau tohu kei roto i nga ringaringa o nga kaitoi, na reira ka tino taunakitia kia mahi tahi.
Ko te nuinga o nga whakamatautau ka mahia i waho-aho i te wa e kati ana, e huri ana ranei. I etahi wa, ka hiahiatia he whakamatautau tohu kia mahia i runga ipurangi i te wa e rere ana ki te whakatutuki i nga tatauranga SIL me etahi atu whakaritenga. Ko te whakamatautau ipurangi me whakamahere me te mahi tahi me nga Mahi kia pai te mahi i te whakamatautau tohu, me te kore e raru te mahi, me te kore he haerenga pohehe. Kotahi noa te haerenga pohehe hei whakamahi i o hunga whakaeke katoa. I roto i tenei momo whakamatautau, i te mea kaore te SIF i te tino watea ki te mahi i tana mahi haumaru, 61511-1, rara 11.8.5, e kii ana "Ko nga tikanga utu e whakarite kia mau tonu te mahi haumaru ka tukuna i runga i te 11.3 i te wa kei roto te SIS. karohia (whakatika, whakamatautau ranei). Ko te tikanga whakahaere ahuatanga rerekee me haere tahi me te tikanga whakamatautau hei awhina i te mahi tika.
Ko te tikanga ka wehewehea te SIF kia toru nga waahanga matua: nga pūoko, nga kaiwhakatika arorau me nga huānga whakamutunga. He maha nga taputapu awhina ka taea te hono i roto i ia waahanga e toru (hei tauira, nga arai IS, nga hiko o te haerenga, nga reera whakauru, nga solenoids, me etahi atu) me whakamatau ano. Ko nga ahuatanga tino nui o te whakamatautau tohu mo ia hangarau ka kitea pea i te paetaha, "Nga pūoko whakamatautau, nga kaiwhakatika arorau me nga waahanga whakamutunga" (i raro nei).
He ngawari ake etahi mea ki te whakamatau i etahi atu. He maha nga hangarau hou me etahi o nga mea tawhito e rere ana me nga hangarau taumata kei roto i te waahanga uaua ake. Kei roto i enei ko nga mita rere Coriolis, nga mita vortex, nga mita mag, te radar-a-rangi, te taumata ultrasonic, me nga huringa tukanga i roto i te waahi, hei whakaingoa i etahi. Waimarie, ko te nuinga o enei kua whakapai ake i nga tātaritanga e pai ake ai te whakamatautau.
Ko te uaua o te whakamatautau tohu i taua taputapu i te mara me whakaarohia i roto i te hoahoa SIF. He ngawari noa mo te miihini ki te kowhiri i nga taputapu SIF me te kore e whakaaro nui ki nga mea e hiahiatia ana hei whakamatau i te taputapu, na te mea ehara ratou i te hunga e whakamatautau ana. He pono ano tenei mo te whakamatautau i te wahanga-whiu, he huarahi noa ki te whakapai ake i te SIF pea pea mo te kore i runga i te tono (PFDavg), engari i muri mai i te tipu kaore nga Operations e hiahia ki te mahi, a he maha nga wa kaore pea. Me whakarato i nga wa katoa ki te tirotiro i nga tipu mo te miihini o nga SIF mo nga whakamatautau tohu.
Ko te whakamatautau tohu me whakauru he tirotiro i te whakaurunga me te whakatikatika SIF ina hiahiatia kia tutuki i te 61511-1, rara 16.3.2. Me whai tirohanga whakamutunga kia patenehia nga mea katoa, me te tirotiro rua kua whakahokia tika te SIF ki roto i te ratonga tukatuka.
Ko te tuhi me te whakatinana i tetahi tikanga whakamatautau pai he mahi nui hei whakapumau i te pono o te SIF i roto i tona oranga. Ko te tikanga whakamatautau me whakarato i nga korero e tika ana hei whakarite kia rite tonu te mahi me te haumaru o nga whakamatautau. Ko nga rahunga kino kaore i whakamatauria e nga whakamatautau tohu me utu mo te whakarite kia mau tonu te pono o te SIF mo tona oranga.
Ko te tuhi i tetahi tikanga whakamatautau pai me whai huarahi arorau ki te tātari miihini o nga rahunga kino pea, te kowhiri i nga tikanga, me te tuhi i nga huarahi whakamatautau tohu kei roto i nga kaha o te tipu. I runga i te huarahi, uru mai nga tipu ki nga taumata katoa mo te whakamatautau, me te whakangungu i nga kaitoi ki te mahi me te tuhi i te whakamatautau tohu me te mohio ki te hiranga o te whakamatautau. Tuhia nga tohutohu me te mea ko koe te kaitoi taputapu hei mahi i nga mahi, ka whakawhirinaki te oranga ki te tika o nga whakamatautau, na te mea kei te mahi.
Testing sensors, logic solvers and final elements A SIF is typically divided up into three main parts, sensors, logic solvers and final elements. There also typically are auxiliary devices that can be associated within each of these three parts (e.g. I.S. barriers, trip amps, interposing relays, solenoids, etc.) that must also be tested.Sensor proof tests: The sensor proof test must ensure that the sensor can sense the process variable over its full range and transmit the proper signal to the SIS logic solver for evaluation. While not inclusive, some of the things to consider in creating the sensor portion of the proof test procedure are given in Table 1. Table 1: Sensor proof test considerations Process ports clean/process interface check, significant buildup noted Internal diagnostics check, run extended diagnostics if available Sensor calibration (5 point) with simulated process input to sensor, verified through to the DCS, drift check Trip point check High/High-High/Low/Low-Low alarms Redundancy, voting degradation Out of range, deviation, diagnostic alarms Bypass and alarms, restrike User diagnostics Transmitter Fail Safe configuration verified Test associated systems (e.g. purge, heat tracing, etc.) and auxiliary components Physical inspection Complete as-found and as-left documentation Logic solver proof test: When full-function proof testing is done, the logic solver’s part in accomplishing the SIF’s safety action and related actions (e.g. alarms, reset, bypasses, user diagnostics, redundancies, HMI, etc.) are tested. Partial or piecemeal function proof tests must accomplish all these tests as part of the individual overlapping proof tests. The logic solver manufacturer should have a recommended proof test procedure in the device safety manual. If not and as a minimum, the logic solver power should be cycled, and the logic solver diagnostic registers, status lights, power supply voltages, communication links and redundancy should be checked. These checks should be done prior to the full-function proof test.Don’t make the assumption that the software is good forever and the logic need not be tested after the initial proof test as undocumented, unauthorized and untested software and hardware changes and software updates can creep into systems over time and must be factored into your overall proof test philosophy. The management of change, maintenance, and revision logs should be reviewed to ensure they are up to date and properly maintained, and if capable, the application program should be compared to the latest backup.Care should also be taken to test all the user logic solver auxiliary and diagnostic functions (e.g. watchdogs, communication links, cybersecurity appliances, etc.).Final element proof test: Most final elements are valves, however, rotating equipment motor starters, variable-speed drives and other electrical components such as contactors and circuit breakers are also used as final elements and their failure modes must be analyzed and proof tested.The primary failure modes for valves are being stuck, response time too slow or too fast, and leakage, all of which are affected by the valve’s operating process interface at trip time. While testing the valve at operating conditions is the most desirable case, Operations would generally be opposed to tripping the SIF while the plant is operating. Most SIS valves are typically tested while the plant is down at zero differential pressure, which is the least demanding of operating conditions. The user should be aware of the worst-case operational differential pressure and the valve and process degradation effects, which should be factored into the valve and actuator design and sizing.Commonly, to compensate for not testing at process operating conditions, additional safety pressure/thrust/torque margin is added to the valve actuator and inferential performance testing is done utilizing baseline testing. Examples of these inferential tests are where the valve response time is timed, a smart positioner or digital valve controller is used to record a valve pressure/position curve or signature, or advance diagnostics are done during the proof test and compared with previous test results or baselines to detect valve performance degradation, indicating a potential incipient failure. Also, if tight shut off (TSO) is a requirement, simply stroking the valve will not test for leakage and a periodic valve leak test will have to be performed. ISA TR96.05.02 is intended to provide guidance on four different levels of testing of SIS valves and their typical proof test coverage, based on how the test is instrumented. People (particularly users) are encouraged to participate in the development of this technical report (contact crobinson@isa.org).Ambient temperatures can also affect valve friction loads, so that testing valves in warm weather will generally be the least demanding friction load when compared to cold weather operation. As a result, proof testing of valves at a consistent temperature should be considered to provide consistent data for inferential testing for the determination of valve performance degradation.Valves with smart positioners or a digital valve controller generally have capability to create a valve signature that can be used to monitor degradation in valve performance. A baseline valve signature can be requested as part of your purchase order or you can create one during the initial proof test to serve as a baseline. The valve signature should be done for both opening and closing of the valve. Advanced valve diagnostic should also be used if available. This can help tell you if your valve performance is deteriorating by comparing subsequent proof test valve signatures and diagnostics with your baseline. This type of test can help compensate for not testing the valve at worst case operating pressures.The valve signature during a proof test may also be able to record the response time with time stamps, removing the need for a stopwatch. Increased response time is a sign of valve deterioration and increased friction load to move the valve. While there are no standards regarding changes in valve response time, a negative pattern of changes from proof test to proof test is indicative of the potential loss of the valve’s safety margin and performance. Modern SIS valve proof testing should include a valve signature as a matter of good engineering practice.The valve instrument air supply pressure should be measured during a proof test. While the valve spring for a spring-return valve is what closes the valve, the force or torque involved is determined by how much the valve spring is compressed by the valve supply pressure (per Hooke’s Law, F = kX). If your supply pressure is low, the spring will not compress as much, hence less force will be available to move the valve when needed. While not inclusive, some of the things to consider in creating the valve portion of the proof test procedure are given in Table 2. Table 2: Final element valve assembly considerations Test valve safety action at process operating pressure (best but typically not done), and time the valve’s response time. Verify redundancy Test valve safety action at zero differential pressure and time valve’s response time. Verify redundancy Run valve signature and diagnostics as part of proof test and compare to baseline and previous test Visually observe valve action (proper action without unusual vibration or noise, etc.). Verify the valve field and position indication on the DCS Fully stroke the valve a minimum of five times during the proof test to help ensure valve reliability. (This is not intended to fix significant degradation effects or incipient failures). Review valve maintenance records to ensure any changes meet the required valve SRS specifications Test diagnostics for energize-to-trip systems Leak test if Tight Shut Off (TSO) is required Verify the command disagree alarm functionality Inspect valve assembly and internals Remove, test and rebuild as necessary Complete as-found and as-left documentation Solenoids Evaluate venting to provide required response time Evaluate solenoid performance by a digital valve controller or smart positioner Verify redundant solenoid performance (e.g. 1oo2, 2oo3) Interposing Relays Verify correct operation, redundancy Device inspection
Ka wehewehea te SIF kia toru nga waahanga matua, nga pūoko, nga kaiwhakatika arorau me nga huānga whakamutunga. I te nuinga o nga wa he taputapu awhina ka taea te hono i roto i ia waahanga e toru (hei tauira, nga arai IS, nga hiko hikoi, nga reera wawaotanga, nga solenoids, me etahi atu) me whakamatau ano.
Nga whakamatautau tohu tohu: Ko te whakamatautau tohu tohu me whakarite ka taea e te puoro te mohio i te huringa o te tukanga i runga i tona awhe katoa me te tuku i te tohu tika ki te kaiwhakatika arorau SIS mo te arotake. Ahakoa kaore i te whakauru, ko etahi o nga mea hei whakaaro mo te hanga i te wahanga pukoro o te tikanga whakamatautau tohu kei te Ripanga 1.
Whakamātautau Whakatau Rorohiko: Ina oti te whakamatautau tohu mahi-katoa, ka whakamatauhia te waahanga a te kaiwhakatika arorau ki te whakatutuki i te mahi haumaru a te SIF me nga mahi e pa ana (hei tauira, nga whakaoho, te tautuhi, te paahitanga, te tātaritanga kaiwhakamahi, te tangohanga, te HMI, me etahi atu). Ko nga whakamatautau tohu waahanga, waahanga iti ranei me whakatutuki enei whakamatautau katoa hei waahanga o nga whakamatautau tohu inaki takitahi. Ko te kaihanga whakaoti arorau me whai tikanga whakamatautau tohu i roto i te pukapuka haumaru taputapu. Ki te kore, me te iti rawa, me paihikara te mana whakaoti arorau, me te rehita tātaritanga o te kaiwhakatika arorau, nga rama mana, nga ngaohiko hiko, nga hononga whakawhitiwhiti me te kore utu. Me mahi enei arowhai i mua i te whakamatautau tohu mahi-katoa.
Kaua e whakaaro he pai te raupaparorohiko mo ake tonu atu, kaore e tika kia whakamatauria te arorau i muri i te whakamatautau tuatahi na te mea karekau he tuhinga, karekau i te mana, kare ano hoki i whakamatauria nga huringa rorohiko me nga taputapu me nga whakahōu rorohiko ka uru ki roto i nga punaha i roto i te waa me te whakauru ki roto i to katoa. rapunga whakaaro whakamatautau tohu. Me arotakehia te whakahaerenga o nga huringa, te tiaki, me nga raarangi whakahou kia mohio ai kei te hou tonu me te tiaki tika, a, ki te kaha, me whakarite te kaupapa tono ki te taapiri hou.
Me whai whakaaro ano ki te whakamatautau i nga mahi awhina me nga mahi tātari arorau kaiwhakamahi katoa (hei tauira, nga kaitutei, nga hononga korero, nga taputapu haumaru ipurangi, me etahi atu).
Whakamātautau tohu huānga whakamutunga: Ko te nuinga o nga huānga whakamutunga he takirere, heoi, ko nga taputapu hurihuri nga motuka motuka, nga puku rereke-tere me etahi atu waahanga hiko penei i nga kaiwhakataki me nga wehenga ara iahiko ka whakamahia ano hei huānga whakamutunga me o raatau momo rahunga me tātarihia me te whakamatau tohu.
Ko nga momo rahunga tuatahi mo nga reera e mau ana, he puhoi, he tere rawa ranei te wa whakautu, me te rerenga, ka pa katoa enei e te atanga o te mahi a te takirere i te wa haerenga. Ahakoa ko te whakamatautau i te takirere i nga tikanga whakahaere ko te keehi e tino pirangi ana, ko te tikanga ka whakahee nga Mahi ki te takahi i te SIF i te wa e mahi ana te tipu. Ko te nuinga o nga maataki SIS ka whakamatautauria i te wa e heke ana te tipu ki te pehanga rereke kore, he iti rawa te tono mo nga tikanga whakahaere. Me mohio te kaiwhakamahi ki te pehanga rerekee mahi kino rawa atu me te paopao me te paheketanga o te tukanga, me uru ki roto i te riipene me te hoahoa me te rahi.
Commonly, to compensate for not testing at process operating conditions, additional safety pressure/thrust/torque margin is added to the valve actuator and inferential performance testing is done utilizing baseline testing. Examples of these inferential tests are where the valve response time is timed, a smart positioner or digital valve controller is used to record a valve pressure/position curve or signature, or advance diagnostics are done during the proof test and compared with previous test results or baselines to detect valve performance degradation, indicating a potential incipient failure. Also, if tight shut off (TSO) is a requirement, simply stroking the valve will not test for leakage and a periodic valve leak test will have to be performed. ISA TR96.05.02 is intended to provide guidance on four different levels of testing of SIS valves and their typical proof test coverage, based on how the test is instrumented. People (particularly users) are encouraged to participate in the development of this technical report (contact crobinson@isa.org).
Ka taea hoki e te pāmahana ambient te pa ki nga kawenga waku takirere, na reira ko te whakamatautau i nga waku i roto i te rangi mahana ko te kawenga waku iti rawa atu ina whakaritea ki te mahi huarere makariri. Ko te mutunga mai, me whai whakaaro ki nga whakamatautau tohu o nga reera i te pāmahana rite ki te whakarato i nga raraunga rite mo te whakamatautau inferential mo te whakatau i te paheketanga o te mahi o te takirere.
Ko nga whaa me nga tuunga mohio, he kaiwhakahaere takirere mamati ranei te tikanga he kaha ki te hanga i tetahi waitohu takirere ka taea te whakamahi ki te aro turuki i te paheketanga o te mahi takirere. Ka taea te tono mo te hainatanga riipene riipene hei waahanga o to ota hoko ka taea ranei e koe te hanga i tetahi i te wa o te whakamatautau tohu tuatahi hei mahi hei turanga. Me mahi te waitohu takirere mo te whakatuwhera me te kati o te takirere. Me whakamahi hoki te tātaritanga takirere matatau ki te waatea. Ka awhina tenei ki te korero ki a koe mena kei te heke haere te mahi o to reera ma te whakatairite i nga hainatanga o nga waapa whakamatautau ka whai ake me nga taatai me to rarangi turanga. Ka taea e tenei momo whakamatautau te awhina mo te kore e whakamatau i te paera i nga pehanga whakahaere kino rawa atu.
Ka taea ano e te hainatanga takirere i te wa o te whakamatautau tohu te tuhi i te wa whakautu me nga tohu wa, me te tango i te hiahia mo te mataaratanga. Ko te nui ake o te wa whakautu he tohu o te paheketanga o te takirere me te nui o te taumahatanga waku ki te neke i te takirere. Ahakoa karekau he paerewa e pa ana ki nga huringa o te wa whakautu takirere, ko te tauira kino o nga huringa mai i te whakamatautau tohu ki te whakamatautau tohu he tohu mo te ngaro o te taha haumaru me te mahi o te takirere. Ko nga whakamatautau tohu tohu SIS o naianei me whakauru he waitohu riipene hei take mo te mahi miihini pai.
Me ine te pehanga hau o te taputapu takirere i te wa o te whakamatautau tohu. Ahakoa ko te puna takirere mo te puna-whakahoki hiko te mea e kati ana i te takirere, ko te kaha, te taipana ranei e whai waahi ana ka whakatauhia e te nui o te puna takirere e kopekehia ana e te pehanga tuku takirere (ia Ture a Hooke, F = kX). Mēnā he iti tō pēhanga tuku, karekau te puna e kōpeke nui, nā reira ka iti ake te kaha ki te neke i te takirere ina hiahiatia. Ahakoa kaore i te whakauru, ko etahi o nga mea hei whakaaro mo te hanga i te waahanga o te waahi o te tikanga whakamatautau tohu kei te Ripanga 2.
Wā tuku: Nov-13-2019
