Malinga ndi National Fire Protection Association, pamakhala moto wopitilira 354,000 pachaka, womwe umapha anthu pafupifupi 2,600 ndikuvulaza anthu opitilira 11,000. Imfa zambiri zobwera chifukwa cha moto zimachitika usiku anthu akagona.
Udindo wofunikira woyika bwino, ma alarm a utsi wautsi ndiwodziwikiratu. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yama alarm a utsi -ionization ndi photoelectric. Kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi kungakuthandizeni kupanga chisankho chabwino chokhudza ma alarm a utsi kuti muteteze nyumba kapena bizinesi yanu.
Ionizationalamu ya utsis ndi ma alarm amagetsi amadalira njira zosiyanasiyana zodziwira moto:
Ionizationsmokeamphutsi
Ionizationma alarm a utsi ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mbale ziwiri zokhala ndi magetsi komanso chipinda chopangidwa ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radiation zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukuyenda pakati pa mbalezo.
Mabwalo amagetsi mkati mwa bolodi amayesa mwachangu ma ionization omwe amapangidwa ndi mapangidwe awa.
Pamoto, tinthu ting'onoting'ono toyaka timalowa m'chipinda cha ionization ndikugundana mobwerezabwereza ndikuphatikizana ndi mamolekyu a mpweya wa ionized, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamolekyu a mpweya wa ionized achepe mosalekeza.
Mabwalo amagetsi mkati mwa bolodi amazindikira kusinthaku m'chipindamo ndipo, pomwe malire omwe adakonzedweratu apitilira, alamu imayambitsidwa.
Ma alarm a utsi wamagetsi
Ma alarm a utsi wamagetsi adapangidwa kutengera momwe utsi wochokera pamoto umasinthira mphamvu ya kuwala mumlengalenga:
Kubalalitsa kuwala: Kujambula kwamagetsi kwambirizowunikira utsi gwirani ntchito pa mfundo yobalalitsa kuwala. Iwo ali ndi kuwala kwa LED ndi chithunzithunzi. Nyali yowala imalunjikitsidwa kudera lomwe chinthu cha photosensitive sichingazindikire. Komabe, tinthu tating'ono ta utsi tikalowa m'njira ya kuwalako, kuwalako kumagunda tinthu tating'ono ta utsiwo ndipo timapatukira ku chinthu chopanga chithunzi, ndikuyambitsa alamu.
Kutsekereza kuwala: Mitundu ina ya ma alarm amagetsi amapangidwa mozungulira kutsekereza kuwala. Ma alarm awa alinso ndi gwero la kuwala ndi chinthu chojambula zithunzi. Komabe, pamenepa, kuwala kowala kumatumizidwa mwachindunji ku chinthucho. Utsi ukatsekereza pang'ono kuwala kwa kuwala, kutulutsa kwa chipangizo cha photosensitive kumasintha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwala. Kuchepetsa kwa kuwalaku kumazindikiridwa ndi mayendedwe a alamu ndikuyambitsa alamu.
Ma alarm ophatikizira: Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma alarm osiyanasiyana ophatikiza. Zambiri kuphatikizama alarm a utsi phatikizani teknoloji ya ionization ndi photoelectric ndikuyembekeza kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo.
Kuphatikizana kwina kumawonjezera masensa owonjezera, monga infrared, carbon monoxide, ndi masensa otentha, kuti athandize kuzindikira molondola moto weniweni ndi kuchepetsa ma alarm onyenga chifukwa cha zinthu monga utsi wa toaster, nthunzi yosambira, ndi zina zotero.
Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Ionization ndiMa Alamu a Utsi wa Photoelectric
Kafukufuku wambiri wachitika ndi Underwriters Laboratories (UL), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), ndi ena kuti adziwe kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa mitundu ikuluikulu iwiriyi.zowunikira utsi.
Zotsatira za maphunzirowa ndi mayeso nthawi zambiri zimawulula zotsatirazi:
Ma alarm a utsi wamagetsi kuyankha pamoto woyaka mwachangu kwambiri kuposa ma alarm a ionization (15 mpaka 50 mphindi mwachangu). Moto woyaka moto umayenda pang'onopang'ono koma umatulutsa utsi wambiri ndipo ndi wowopsa kwambiri pamoto wanyumba.
Ma alarm a utsi wa ionization amayankha mwachangu pang'ono (masekondi 30-90) kumoto woyaka mwachangu (moto womwe malawi amafalikira mwachangu) kuposa ma alarm amagetsi. NFPA imazindikira kuti idapangidwa bwinoma alamu a photoelectric nthawi zambiri amaposa ma alarm a ionization pazochitika zonse zamoto, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu ndi zinthu.
Ma alarm a ionization adalephera kupereka nthawi yokwanira yochoka nthawi zambiri kuposama alamu a photoelectric pa nthawi yoyaka moto.
Ma alarm a ionization adayambitsa 97% ya "ma alarm"-machenjezo abodza-ndipo, chifukwa chake, anali otheka kukhala olumala palimodzi kuposa mitundu ina ya ma alarm a utsi. NFPA imazindikira zimenezoma alarm a utsi wamagetsi kukhala ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa ma alamu a ionization muchitetezo chabodza.
Zomwe alamu ya utsi chabwino?
Anthu ambiri amene amafa chifukwa cha moto sikuti amafa chifukwa cha malawi a moto koma chifukwa chokoka utsi, n’chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa cha moto.-pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu-zimachitika anthu ali mtulo.
Zikakhala choncho, zikuwonekeratu kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi a alamu ya utsi zomwe zimatha kuzindikira mwachangu komanso molondola moto womwe ukuyaka, womwe umatulutsa utsi wambiri. Mu gulu ili,ma alarm a utsi wamagetsi bwino kuposa ma alarm ionization.
Komanso, kusiyana ionization ndima alamu a photoelectric m'moto woyaka mwachangu zidawoneka ngati zazing'ono, ndipo NFPA idatsimikiza kuti apamwamba kwambirima alamu a photoelectric adakali otheka kuposa ma alarm a ionization.
Pomaliza, popeza ma alarm azovuta amatha kupangitsa kuti anthu aziletsazowunikira utsi, kuwapangitsa kukhala opanda pake,ma alamu a photoelectric kuwonetsanso mwayi m'derali, kukhala wosavuta kutengeka ndi ma alarm abodza komanso mosakayika kukhala wolumala.
Mwachionekere,ma alarm a utsi wamagetsi ndizo zolondola kwambiri, zodalirika, choncho zosankha zotetezeka, mawu omaliza omwe amathandizidwa ndi NFPA ndi zochitika zomwe zingathe kuwonedwanso pakati pa opanga ndi mabungwe otetezera moto.
Kwa ma alarm ophatikizika, palibe phindu lodziwika bwino kapena lofunikira lomwe linawonedwa. NFPA idatsimikiza kuti zotsatira za mayeso sizinavomereze kufunikira kokhazikitsa ukadaulo wapawiri kapenaphotoionization utsi alamu, ngakhale kuti palibe chomwe chili chovulaza.
Komabe, National Fire Protection Association inatsimikiza kutima alamu a photoelectric ndi masensa owonjezera, monga CO kapena masensa otentha, amathandizira kuzindikira moto ndikuchepetsa ma alarm abodza kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-02-2024
