Kuyedzwa kwehumbowo chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwechengetedzo yedu yemidziyo masisitimu (SIS) uye ine chekuita nekuchengetedza masisitimu (semuenzaniso maalarm akakosha, maaramu emoto & gasi, ma instrumented interlock system, nezvimwewo). Muedzo wehumbowo bvunzo yenguva nenguva yekuona kutadza kwengozi, kuyedza kuchengetedza-inoenderana mashandiro (semuenzaniso kusetazve, bypasses, maaramu, diagnostics, kuvharika kwemanyorero, nezvimwewo), uye ive nechokwadi chekuti sisitimu inosangana nekambani uye yekunze zviyero. Mhedzisiro yekuyedzwa kwehumbowo zvakare chiyero chekushanda kweSIS mechaniki yekutendeseka chirongwa uye kuvimbika kwemunda kweiyo system.
Humbowo bvunzo maitiro anovhara nhanho dzebvunzo kubva pakutora mvumo, kugadzira zviziviso uye kuendesa sisitimu kunze kwebasa kuti iedzwe kusvika pakuyedzwa kwakazara, kunyora bvunzo yehumbowo nemhedzisiro yayo, kudzoreredza sisitimu pabasa, uye kuongorora zvazvino bvunzo mhedzisiro nehumbowo hwakapfuura. test results.
ANSI/ISA/IEC 61511-1, Chitsauko 16, chinofukidza SIS proof test. ISA technical report TR84.00.03 – “Mechanical Integrity of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS),” inovhara kuedzwa kwehumbowo uye parizvino iri kuvandudzwa neshanduro itsva inotarisirwa kubuda munguva pfupi iri kutevera. ISA technical report TR96.05.02 - "In-situ Proof Testing yeAutomated Valves" parizvino iri kugadzirwa.
UK HSE mushumo CRR 428/2002 - "Misimboti yekuedzwa kwehumbowo hwekuchengetedza instrumented masisitimu muindasitiri yemakemikari" inopa ruzivo rwekuedzwa kwehumbowo uye izvo makambani ari kuita muUK.
Maitiro ekuyedza ehumbowo anoenderana nekuongororwa kweanozivikanwa njodzi yekutadza modes kune chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zviri muchengetedzo instrumented basa (SIF) rwendo nzira, iyo SIF mashandiro sehurongwa, uye sei (uye kana) kuyedza kutadza kwengozi. mode. Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro kunofanirwa kutanga muSIF dhizaini dhizaini, kusarudzwa kwezvikamu, uye kutsunga kuti riini uye sei kuratidza bvunzo. Zviridzwa zveSIS zvine madhigirii akasiyana ekuomerwa kwehumbowo hunofanirwa kutariswa muSIF dhizaini, kushanda uye kugadzirisa. Semuyenzaniso, orifice metres uye pressure transmitters zviri nyore kuyedza pane Coriolis mass flowmeters, mag metres kana through-the-air radar level sensors. Iyo yekushandisa uye dhizaini yevharuvhu zvakare inogona kukanganisa kuzara kweiyo valve proof test kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kutadza kwengozi uye kwekutanga nekuda kwekuora, plugging kana kutadza kunoenderana nenguva hakukonzeri kutadza kwakakosha mukati menguva yakasarudzwa yekuyedza.
Nepo maitiro ekuyedza ehumbowo achiwanzo kuvandudzwa panguva yeSIF engineering chikamu, anofanirwawo kuongororwa nesaiti SIS Technical Authority, Operations uye nyanzvi dzezviridzwa vanenge vachiyedza. Kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza basa (JSA) kunofanirwawo kuitwa. Zvakakosha kuwana chirimwa chekutenga-mukati pane zviyedzo zvichaitwa uye rinhi, uye kugona kwavo kwemuviri nekuchengeteka. Semuyenzaniso, hazvina zvazvinobatsira kudoma ongororo yechikamu chestroke kana boka reMashandiro rikasabvuma kuzviita. Zvinokurudzirwa zvakare kuti maitiro ekuedzwa kwehumbowo aongororwe nenyanzvi yakazvimirira yenyaya (SME). Iyo yakajairwa kuyedzwa inodiwa kune yakazara basa rechiratidzo bvunzo inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Figure 1: Iyo yakazara basa rehumbowo bvunzo yekutemerwa kwekuchengetedza chiridzwa basa (SIF) uye yayo kuchengetedza instrumented system (SIS) inofanirwa kuperetera kana kunongedzera kumatanho anoteedzana kubva pakugadzirira bvunzo uye maitiro ebvunzo kune zviziviso uye zvinyorwa. .
Mufananidzo 1: Iyo yakazara basa rechiratidzo chekuyedza chirevo chekuchengetedza chiridzwa basa (SIF) uye chekuchengetedza chiridzwa system (SIS) inofanira kuperetera kana kunongedzera kumatanho anoteedzana kubva pakugadzirira bvunzo uye maitiro ebvunzo kune zviziviso uye zvinyorwa.
Kuedzwa kwehumbowo chinhu chakarongwa chekugadzirisa icho chinofanirwa kuitwa nevashandi vane hunyanzvi vakadzidziswa mukuongorora kweSIS, maitiro ehumbowo, uye zvishwe zveSIS zvavachayedza. Panofanira kuva nekufamba-famba kwemaitiro usati waita yekutanga bvunzo bvunzo, uye mhinduro kune saiti SIS Technical Authority mushure mekugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa.
Kune maviri ekutanga ekutadza modes (akachengeteka kana ane ngozi), ayo akakamurwa kuita mana modhi-ine njodzi isingaonekwe, ine njodzi yaonekwa (nediagnostics), yakachengeteka isingaonekwe uye yakachengeteka yaonekwa. Matemu ane ngozi uye ane njodzi asingaonekwe ekutadza anoshandiswa zvakasiyana muchinyorwa chino.
Mukuyedzwa kwechiratidzo cheSIF, isu tinonyanya kufarira nzira dzine njodzi dzisingaonekwe dzekutadza, asi kana paine mushandisi diagnostics anoona kutadza kwengozi, idzi diagnostics dzinofanirwa kuongororwa. Ziva kuti kusiyana nekuongorora kwemushandisi, diagnostics yemuchina kazhinji haigone kusimbiswa sekushanda nemushandisi, uye izvi zvinogona kukanganisa humbowo hwekuyedza. Kana kiredhiti yekuongorora ichitorwa mukuverenga kweSIL, maaramu ekuongorora (semuenzaniso maaramu ekunze) anofanirwa kuongororwa sechikamu chekuedzwa kwehumbowo.
Modhi dzekutadza dzinogona kukamurwazve kuita idzo dzakaedzwa panguva yekuedzwa kwehumbowo, idzo dzisina kuedzwa, uye kutadza kwekutanga kana kutadza kunoenderana nenguva. Dzimwe nzira dzine njodzi dzekutadza dzinogona kusayedzwa zvakananga nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana (semuenzaniso kuomerwa, engineering kana sarudzo yekushanda, kusaziva, kusagona, kusiirwa kana kurongeka kukanganisa kwakarongeka, mukana wakaderera wekuitika, nezvimwewo). Kana paine maitiro ekutadza anozivikanwa ayo asingazoyedzerwe, muripo unofanirwa kuitwa mukugadzira mudziyo, maitiro ekuyedza, nguva nenguva kutsiva mudziyo kana kuvaka patsva, uye/kana inferential kuyedzwa kunofanirwa kuitwa kuderedza mhedzisiro yeSIF yekusayedza.
Kukundikana kwekutanga inzvimbo inodzikisira kana mamiriro zvekuti kutadza kwakanyanya, kune njodzi kunogona kutarisirwa kuti zviitike kana matanho ekugadzirisa akasatorwa nenguva. Iwo anowanzo onekwa nekuita kuenzanisa neazvino kana ekutanga mabhenji bvunzo bvunzo (semuenzaniso masiginecha evharuvhu kana nguva yekupindura vharafu) kana nekuongorora (semuenzaniso plugged process port). Kukundikana kwekutanga kunowanzoenderana nenguva-kana iyo mudziyo kana dhizaini iri musevhisi, inotonyanya kuderedzwa; Mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti kutadza kurongeka kunowedzera, kuvharika pachiteshi kana kuti sensor buildup nekufamba kwenguva, hupenyu hunobatsira hwapera, nezvimwewo. Naizvozvo, kana nguva yekuyedza yehumbowo yakareba, ndipo panogona kunge paine kutadza kunoenderana nenguva. Chero dziviriro kubva mukutadza kwekutanga zvakare inofanirwa kuedzwa humbowo (port purging, heat tracing, etc.).
Matanho anofanirwa kunyorerwa bvunzo bvunzo yengozi (zvisingaonekwe) kukundikana. Failure mode uye maitiro ekuongorora (FMEA) kana kutadza maitiro, maitiro uye diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) maitiro anogona kubatsira kuona kutadza kusingaonekwe kune ngozi, uye uko kufukidzwa kwehumbowo kunofanirwa kuvandudzwa.
Mazhinji ehumbowo maitiro ekuyedza anonyorwa akavakirwa ruzivo uye matemplate kubva kune aripo maitiro. Maitirwo matsva uye mamwe maSIF akaomarara anodaidzira imwe nzira yakagadziridzwa uchishandisa FMEA/FMEDA kuongorora kutadza kwengozi, kuona kuti maitiro ebvunzo achaedza sei kana kusazoedza kukundikana ikoko, uye kufukidzwa kwebvunzo. A macro-level failure mode analysis block diagram ye sensor inoratidzwa muFigure 2. Iyo FMEA inowanzoda kuitwa kamwe chete kune imwe mhando yemudziyo uye inoshandiswazve kumidziyo yakafanana nekufunga nezvebasa ravo rekuita, kuisirwa uye kusaiti yekuyedza kugona. .
Macro-level kutadza kuongororwa Mufananidzo 2: Iyi macro-level yekutadza modhi yekuongorora dhizaini ye sensor uye pressure transmitter (PT) inoratidza mabasa makuru ayo anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita akawanda madiki ekutadza kuongororwa kuti atsanangure zvizere izvo zvinogona kutadza kugadziriswa. mumiyedzo yebasa.
Mufananidzo 2: Iyi macro-level failure mode analysis block diagram ye sensor and pressure transmitter (PT) inoratidza mabasa makuru ayo anowanzo kudimburirwa kuita madiki madiki ekutadza ongororo kuti atsanangure zvizere kutadza kunokwanisa kugadziriswa mubvunzo dzebasa.
Huwandu hwezvinozivikanwa, zvine njodzi, kukundikana kusingaonekwe kwakaongororwa humbowo hunodaidzwa kuti proof test coverage (PTC). PTC inowanzoshandiswa muSIL macalculation "kuripa" kutadza kunyatsoedza SIF. Vanhu vane rutendo rwusina kururama rwekuti nekuti vakafunga kushomeka kwekuvhara bvunzo mukuverenga kwavo kweSIL, vakagadzira SIF yakavimbika. Chokwadi chiri nyore ndechekuti, kana bvunzo yako yekuvhara iri makumi manomwe neshanu muzana, uye kana iwe wakaisa iyo nhamba mukuverenga kwako kweSIL uye kuyedza zvinhu zvauri kutoedza kakawanda, makumi maviri neshanu muzana ekukundikana kwengozi kunogona kuitika. Ini chokwadi handidi kuve mune iyo 25%.
Mishumo yemvumo yeFMEDA uye zvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza zvezvishandiso zvinowanzopa humbowo hushoma hwekuyedza maitiro uye humbowo bvunzo yekuvhara. Izvi zvinongopa gwara, kwete ese matanho ebvunzo anodiwa kune yakazara humbowo bvunzo maitiro. Mamwe marudzi ekutadza kuongorora, senge kukanganisa miti kuongororwa uye kuvimbika kwakanangana nekugadzirisa, inoshandiswawo kuongorora kutadza kwengozi.
Miedzo yeuchapupu inogona kukamurwa kuita yakazara kushanda (kumagumo-kusvika-kumagumo) kana chikamu chekushanda kwekuyedza (Mufananidzo 3). Kuyedzwa kwechikamu chekushanda kunowanzoitwa kana zvikamu zveSIF zvine nguva dzakasiyana dzekuyedza mukuverenga kweSIL isingaenderane nekuvharwa kwakarongwa kana kutendeuka. Zvakakosha kuti chidimbu chinoshanda chechiratidzo chekuyedza maitiro aenderane zvekuti pamwe chete vanoyedza mashandiro ese ekuchengetedza eSIF. Nekuyedzwa kwekuita zvishoma, zvichiri kukurudzirwa kuti SIF ive neyekutanga-yekupedzisira-yekupedzisira bvunzo bvunzo, uye dzinotevera panguva yekutendeuka.
Chikamu chehumbowo bvunzo dzinofanira kuwedzera mufananidzo 3: Iyo yakasanganiswa chikamu chehumbowo bvunzo (pazasi) inofanirwa kuvhara zvese zvinoshanda zveakazara inoshanda humbowo bvunzo (yepamusoro).
Mufananidzo 3: Iyo yakasanganiswa chikamu chehumbowo bvunzo (pazasi) inofanirwa kuvhara zvese zvinoshanda zveakazara anoshanda ehumbowo bvunzo (yepamusoro).
Muedzo wehumbowo hwunongoedza chikamu chezana chemodhi yekutadza kwemudziyo. Muenzaniso wakajairika ndewekuyedzwa kwevharuvhu yechikamu, uko vharafu inofambiswa zvishoma (10-20%) kuti ione kuti haina kunamira. Iyi ine yakaderera bvunzo yekuvhara pane yehumbowo bvunzo panguva yekutanga bvunzo nguva.
Humbowo bvunzo maitiro anogona kusiyana mukuoma nekuoma kweSIF uye nekambani bvunzo maitiro uzivi. Mamwe makambani anonyora akadzama-nhanho-nhanho bvunzo maitiro, nepo mamwe aine mapfupi maitiro. Manongedzo kune mamwe maitiro, akadai seyakajairwa calibration, dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa kudzikisa saizi yehumbowo maitiro ekuyedza uye kubatsira kuona kuenderana mukuyedzwa. Nzira yakanaka yekuyedza yehumbowo inofanirwa kupa ruzivo rwakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuyedzwa kwese kwaitwa uye kunyorwa, asi kwete ruzivo rwakanyanya kuita kuti nyanzvi dzide kusvetuka matanho. Kuve nenyanzvi, uyo ane basa rekuita danho rekuyedza, kutanga danho rekuyedza rakapedzwa rinogona kubatsira kuona kuti bvunzo dzaitwa nemazvo. Kusaina bvunzo dzakapedzwa neMutariri weInstrument uye Operations vamiriri vanosimbisawo kukosha uye kuvimbisa bvunzo dzeumbowo dzakakwana.
Technician mhinduro inofanirwa kugara ichikokwa kubatsira kuvandudza maitiro. Kubudirira kwemaitiro ekuyedza ehumbowo kuri muchikamu chikuru mumaoko enyanzvi, saka kushanda pamwe kunokurudzirwa zvakanyanya.
Yakawanda yekuyedza yehumbowo inowanzoitwa off-line panguva yekuvhara kana kutendeuka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuyedzwa kwehumbowo kunogona kudikanwa kuti kuitwe pamhepo uchimhanya kugutsa kuverenga kweSIL kana zvimwe zvinodiwa. Kuyedzwa kwepamhepo kunoda kuronga uye kurongeka nemaOperations kubvumidza bvunzo yehumbowo kuti iitwe zvakachengeteka, pasina kugumbuka, uye pasina kukonzera rwendo rwekunyepedzera. Zvinotora chete rwendo rwekunyepedzera kushandisa ese attaboys ako. Munguva yerudzi urwu rwekuyedza, kana iyo SIF isingawanikwe zvizere kuita basa rayo rekuchengetedza, 61511-1, Chikamu 11.8.5, inotaura kuti "Kubhadhara matanho anovimbisa kuenderera kwekushanda kwakachengeteka kuchapihwa zvinoenderana ne11.3 apo SIS iri mukati. bypass (kugadzirisa kana kuedza)." Iyo isina kujairika mamiriro ekutonga maitiro anofanirwa kuenda neiyo proof test maitiro kubatsira kuona kuti izvi zvaitwa nemazvo.
A SIF inowanzokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: masensa, logic solvers uye yekupedzisira zvinhu. Kune zvakare anowanzo midziyo yekubatsira inogona kubatanidzwa mukati mechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvitatu izvi (semuenzaniso IS zvipingamupinyi, matrip amps, interposing relays, solenoids, nezvimwewo) izvo zvinofanirwa kuongororwa. Akakosha maficha ekuyedza humbowo imwe neimwe yeaya matekinoroji anogona kuwanikwa mudivi repadivi, "Kuyedza ma sensors, logic solvers uye yekupedzisira zvinhu" (pazasi).
Zvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore kuyedza bvunzo pane zvimwe. Mazhinji emazuva ano uye mashoma ekare ekuyerera uye nhanho tekinoroji ari muchikamu chakaoma. Izvi zvinosanganisira Coriolis flowmeters, vortex metres, mag metres, through-the-air radar, ultrasonic level, uye in-situ process switch, kudoma mashoma. Neraki, mazhinji eaya ave neakagadziridzwa diagnostics anobvumira kuvandudzwa kuyedzwa.
Kuoma kwekuyedza humbowo mudziyo wakadaro mumunda unofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzirwa kweSIF. Zviri nyore kuinjiniya kusarudza michina yeSIF pasina kutarisisa zvakanyanya izvo zvingazodiwa kuyedza mudziyo, sezvo vasiri ivo vanhu vanovayedza. Izvi ndezvechokwadiwo pakuyedzwa kwechikamu-kurova, inova nzira yakajairika yekuvandudza avhareji yeSIF mukana wekutadza pane zvinodiwa (PFDavg), asi gare gare pachirimwa MaOperation haadi kuzviita, uye nguva zhinji vangasadaro. Gara uchipa kutarisisa kwechirimwa kweinjiniya yeSIFs maererano nekuedzwa kwehumbowo.
Muedzo wehumbowo unofanirwa kusanganisira kuongororwa kwekuiswa kweSIF nekugadzirisa sezvinodiwa kusangana ne61511-1, Chikamu 16.3.2. Panofanira kuve nekuwongorora kwekupedzisira kuona kuti zvese zvakadzvanywa, uye cheki kaviri kuti SIF yakadzoserwa zvakanaka musevhisi.
Kunyora nekuita nzira yakanaka yekuyedza idanho rakakosha kuona kuvimbika kweSIF muhupenyu hwayo. Maitiro ekuyedza anofanirwa kupa ruzivo rwakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bvunzo dzinodiwa dzinogara uye dzakachengeteka uye dzakanyorwa. Kutadza kwengozi kusingayedzwe nebvunzo dzehumbowo kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chengetedzo yeSIF inochengetwa zvakaringana mukati mehupenyu hwayo.
Kunyora nzira yakanaka yekuyedza yehumbowo kunoda nzira ine musoro yekuongororwa kweinjiniya yezvingangoitika zvine njodzi kukundikana, kusarudza nzira, uye kunyora humbowo nhanho dzekuyedza dziri mukati meiyo chirimwa chekuyedza. Munzira, tora chirimwa kutenga-mukati pamatanho ese ekuyedzwa, uye dzidzisa matekiniki kuita uye kunyora bvunzo bvunzo pamwe nekunzwisisa kukosha kwebvunzo. Nyora mirairo sekunge iwe uri mugadziri wezviridzwa achafanirwa kuita basa, uye kuti hupenyu hunoenderana nekuwana kuyedzwa chaiko, nekuti ivo vanodaro.
Testing sensors, logic solvers and final elements A SIF is typically divided up into three main parts, sensors, logic solvers and final elements. There also typically are auxiliary devices that can be associated within each of these three parts (e.g. I.S. barriers, trip amps, interposing relays, solenoids, etc.) that must also be tested.Sensor proof tests: The sensor proof test must ensure that the sensor can sense the process variable over its full range and transmit the proper signal to the SIS logic solver for evaluation. While not inclusive, some of the things to consider in creating the sensor portion of the proof test procedure are given in Table 1. Table 1: Sensor proof test considerations Process ports clean/process interface check, significant buildup noted Internal diagnostics check, run extended diagnostics if available Sensor calibration (5 point) with simulated process input to sensor, verified through to the DCS, drift check Trip point check High/High-High/Low/Low-Low alarms Redundancy, voting degradation Out of range, deviation, diagnostic alarms Bypass and alarms, restrike User diagnostics Transmitter Fail Safe configuration verified Test associated systems (e.g. purge, heat tracing, etc.) and auxiliary components Physical inspection Complete as-found and as-left documentation Logic solver proof test: When full-function proof testing is done, the logic solver’s part in accomplishing the SIF’s safety action and related actions (e.g. alarms, reset, bypasses, user diagnostics, redundancies, HMI, etc.) are tested. Partial or piecemeal function proof tests must accomplish all these tests as part of the individual overlapping proof tests. The logic solver manufacturer should have a recommended proof test procedure in the device safety manual. If not and as a minimum, the logic solver power should be cycled, and the logic solver diagnostic registers, status lights, power supply voltages, communication links and redundancy should be checked. These checks should be done prior to the full-function proof test.Don’t make the assumption that the software is good forever and the logic need not be tested after the initial proof test as undocumented, unauthorized and untested software and hardware changes and software updates can creep into systems over time and must be factored into your overall proof test philosophy. The management of change, maintenance, and revision logs should be reviewed to ensure they are up to date and properly maintained, and if capable, the application program should be compared to the latest backup.Care should also be taken to test all the user logic solver auxiliary and diagnostic functions (e.g. watchdogs, communication links, cybersecurity appliances, etc.).Final element proof test: Most final elements are valves, however, rotating equipment motor starters, variable-speed drives and other electrical components such as contactors and circuit breakers are also used as final elements and their failure modes must be analyzed and proof tested.The primary failure modes for valves are being stuck, response time too slow or too fast, and leakage, all of which are affected by the valve’s operating process interface at trip time. While testing the valve at operating conditions is the most desirable case, Operations would generally be opposed to tripping the SIF while the plant is operating. Most SIS valves are typically tested while the plant is down at zero differential pressure, which is the least demanding of operating conditions. The user should be aware of the worst-case operational differential pressure and the valve and process degradation effects, which should be factored into the valve and actuator design and sizing.Commonly, to compensate for not testing at process operating conditions, additional safety pressure/thrust/torque margin is added to the valve actuator and inferential performance testing is done utilizing baseline testing. Examples of these inferential tests are where the valve response time is timed, a smart positioner or digital valve controller is used to record a valve pressure/position curve or signature, or advance diagnostics are done during the proof test and compared with previous test results or baselines to detect valve performance degradation, indicating a potential incipient failure. Also, if tight shut off (TSO) is a requirement, simply stroking the valve will not test for leakage and a periodic valve leak test will have to be performed. ISA TR96.05.02 is intended to provide guidance on four different levels of testing of SIS valves and their typical proof test coverage, based on how the test is instrumented. People (particularly users) are encouraged to participate in the development of this technical report (contact crobinson@isa.org).Ambient temperatures can also affect valve friction loads, so that testing valves in warm weather will generally be the least demanding friction load when compared to cold weather operation. As a result, proof testing of valves at a consistent temperature should be considered to provide consistent data for inferential testing for the determination of valve performance degradation.Valves with smart positioners or a digital valve controller generally have capability to create a valve signature that can be used to monitor degradation in valve performance. A baseline valve signature can be requested as part of your purchase order or you can create one during the initial proof test to serve as a baseline. The valve signature should be done for both opening and closing of the valve. Advanced valve diagnostic should also be used if available. This can help tell you if your valve performance is deteriorating by comparing subsequent proof test valve signatures and diagnostics with your baseline. This type of test can help compensate for not testing the valve at worst case operating pressures.The valve signature during a proof test may also be able to record the response time with time stamps, removing the need for a stopwatch. Increased response time is a sign of valve deterioration and increased friction load to move the valve. While there are no standards regarding changes in valve response time, a negative pattern of changes from proof test to proof test is indicative of the potential loss of the valve’s safety margin and performance. Modern SIS valve proof testing should include a valve signature as a matter of good engineering practice.The valve instrument air supply pressure should be measured during a proof test. While the valve spring for a spring-return valve is what closes the valve, the force or torque involved is determined by how much the valve spring is compressed by the valve supply pressure (per Hooke’s Law, F = kX). If your supply pressure is low, the spring will not compress as much, hence less force will be available to move the valve when needed. While not inclusive, some of the things to consider in creating the valve portion of the proof test procedure are given in Table 2. Table 2: Final element valve assembly considerations Test valve safety action at process operating pressure (best but typically not done), and time the valve’s response time. Verify redundancy Test valve safety action at zero differential pressure and time valve’s response time. Verify redundancy Run valve signature and diagnostics as part of proof test and compare to baseline and previous test Visually observe valve action (proper action without unusual vibration or noise, etc.). Verify the valve field and position indication on the DCS Fully stroke the valve a minimum of five times during the proof test to help ensure valve reliability. (This is not intended to fix significant degradation effects or incipient failures). Review valve maintenance records to ensure any changes meet the required valve SRS specifications Test diagnostics for energize-to-trip systems Leak test if Tight Shut Off (TSO) is required Verify the command disagree alarm functionality Inspect valve assembly and internals Remove, test and rebuild as necessary Complete as-found and as-left documentation Solenoids Evaluate venting to provide required response time Evaluate solenoid performance by a digital valve controller or smart positioner Verify redundant solenoid performance (e.g. 1oo2, 2oo3) Interposing Relays Verify correct operation, redundancy Device inspection
A SIF inowanzokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru, ma sensors, logic solvers uye ekupedzisira zvinhu. Kune zvakare kazhinji kune zvishandiso zvekubatsira zvinogona kubatanidzwa mukati mechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvitatu izvi (semuenzaniso IS zvipingamupinyi, matrip amps, interposing relays, solenoids, nezvimwewo) izvo zvinofanirwa kuongororwa.
Sensor humbowo bvunzo: Iyo sensor proof test inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti sensor inogona kunzwa kushanduka kwemaitiro pamusoro pehuwandu hwayo uye kuendesa chiratidzo chakakodzera kuSIS logic solver kuti iongororwe. Kunyange zvisingabatanidzwe, zvimwe zvezvinhu zvekufunga mukugadzira iyo sensor chikamu cheiyo humbowo bvunzo maitiro zvinopihwa muTafura 1.
Logic solver proof test: Kana yakazara-inoshanda proof test yaitwa, iyo logic solver chikamu mukuzadzisa chengetedzo yeSIF uye zviito zvine hukama (semuenzaniso maalarm, kusetazve, bypasses, kuongororwa kwevashandisi, redundancies, HMI, nezvimwewo) zvinoedzwa. Chikamu kana chidimbu chebasa rehumbowo bvunzo dzinofanirwa kuita ese aya bvunzo sechikamu cheumwe neumwe anopindirana bvunzo bvunzo. Iyo logic solver inogadzira inofanirwa kuve neyakakurudzirwa yehumbowo maitiro ekuyedza mune mudziyo kuchengetedza bhuku. Kana zvisiri uye zvishoma, iro logic solver simba rinofanirwa kutenderedzwa, uye iyo logic solver diagnostic marejista, mwenje wemamiriro, magetsi ekupa magetsi, kutaurirana zvinongedzo uye redundancy inofanirwa kutariswa. Aya macheki anofanirwa kuitwa pamberi peiyo yakazara-function proof test.
Usaite fungidziro yekuti software yakanaka nekusingaperi uye pfungwa haifanire kuongororwa mushure mekuedzwa kwekutanga kwehumbowo sekusina kunyorwa, kusingatenderwe uye kusingayedzerwe software uye hardware shanduko uye software inogadziridza inogona kupinda muhurongwa nekufamba kwenguva uye inofanira kuiswa mune yako yese. proof test philosophy. Iyo manejimendi yekuchinja, kugadzirisa, uye kudzokorodza matanda anofanirwa kuongororwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti ari kufambidzana uye akachengetedzwa zvakanaka, uye kana achigona, chirongwa chekushandisa chinofanira kufananidzwa neazvino backup.
Chengetedzo inofanirawo kutorwa kuti uedze ese mushandisi logic solver anobatsira uye ekuongorora mabasa (eg mawatchdogs, malink ekutaurirana, cybersecurity midziyo, nezvimwewo).
Final element test test: Zvizhinji zvekupedzisira mavharuvhu, zvisinei, anotenderera emidziyo mota anotangisa, anochinja-kumhanya madhiraivha uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemagetsi zvakaita semacontactor uye mabreaker circuit anoshandiswawo sezvinhu zvekupedzisira uye nzira dzekutadza dzadzo dzinofanirwa kuongororwa uye kuongororwa humbowo.
Iwo mavharuvhu ekutanga ekutadza mavharuvhu ari kubatika, nguva yekupindura inononoka kana kukurumidza, uye kubuda, izvo zvese zvinokanganiswa neiyo valve's operating process interface panguva yerwendo. Nepo kuedza vharafu pamamiriro ekushanda ndiyo inonyanya kudiwa nyaya, Mashandiro angangopesana nekutsika SIF apo chirimwa chiri kushanda. Mavharuvhu mazhinji eSIS anowanzo kuyedzwa apo chirimwa chiri pasi pa zero mutsauko kudzvanywa, inova ndiyo inonyanya kudiwa yemamiriro ekushanda. Mushandisi anofanirwa kuziva nezve yakaipisisa-kesi yekushanda mutsauko kudzvanywa uye vharafu uye maitiro ekusvibisa maitiro, ayo anofanirwa kuiswa muvharuvhu uye actuator dhizaini uye saizi.
Commonly, to compensate for not testing at process operating conditions, additional safety pressure/thrust/torque margin is added to the valve actuator and inferential performance testing is done utilizing baseline testing. Examples of these inferential tests are where the valve response time is timed, a smart positioner or digital valve controller is used to record a valve pressure/position curve or signature, or advance diagnostics are done during the proof test and compared with previous test results or baselines to detect valve performance degradation, indicating a potential incipient failure. Also, if tight shut off (TSO) is a requirement, simply stroking the valve will not test for leakage and a periodic valve leak test will have to be performed. ISA TR96.05.02 is intended to provide guidance on four different levels of testing of SIS valves and their typical proof test coverage, based on how the test is instrumented. People (particularly users) are encouraged to participate in the development of this technical report (contact crobinson@isa.org).
Ambient tembiricha inogona zvakare kukanganisa mavharuvhu kukweshana, kuitira kuti mavharuvhu ekuyedza mumamiriro ekunze anodziya anowanzo kuve akanyanya kudiwa kukweshana kana uchienzaniswa nekutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuedzwa kwehumbowo hwemavharuvhu pakudziya kwakafanana kunofanirwa kutariswa kuti ipe data risingachinjike yekuyedzwa kusingatarisirwi kwekutemerwa kwekuora kwevhavha.
Mavharuvhu ane smart positioners kana yedhijitari valve controller kazhinji ane kugona kugadzira siginecha yevharuvhu iyo inogona kushandiswa kutarisa kudzikira mukuita kwevharuvhu. Siginecha yekutanga yevharuvhu inogona kukumbirwa sechikamu chekutenga kwako odha kana iwe unogona kugadzira imwe panguva yekutanga bvunzo bvunzo kuti ishande seyokutanga. Siginecha yevharuvhu inofanira kuitwa kune zvese kuvhura uye kuvhara kwevhavha. Advanced valve diagnostic inofanirawo kushandiswa kana iripo. Izvi zvinogona kukubatsira kukuudza kana mashandiro evharuvhu yako ari kudzikira nekuenzanisa siginicha inotevera yechiratidzo chekuyedza mavharuvhu uye diagnostics neyako yekutanga. Rudzi urwu rwebvunzo runogona kubatsira kubhadhara kusayedza vharafu panguva yakaipisisa yekumanikidza kushanda.
Siginecha yevharuvhu panguva yekuedzwa kwehumbowo inogona zvakare kurekodha nguva yekupindura nematampu enguva, ichibvisa kudiwa kwestopwatch. Kuwedzerwa nguva yekupindura chiratidzo chekuparara kwevharuvhu uye kuwedzera kukwesha mutoro wekufambisa vharuvhu. Nepo pasina mipimo ine chekuita nekuchinja munguva yekupindura kwevharuvhu, maitiro asina kunaka ekuchinja kubva paumboo bvunzo kuenda kune humbowo bvunzo inoratidza kurasikirwa kunogona kuitika kwevhavhavhavha yekuchengetedza margin uye kushanda. Yemazuva ano SIS valve proof test inofanira kusanganisira siginecha yevharuvhu senyaya yemaitiro einjiniya akanaka.
Ivhavha chiridzwa chemhepo chinopa mhepo chinofanirwa kuyerwa panguva yekuedzwa kwehumbowo. Nepo chitubu chevharuvhu yevharuvhu yekudzosa chirimo chinovhara vharuvhu, simba kana torque inobatanidzwa inotariswa nekuwanda kwechitubu chevharuvhu nekumanikidzwa kwevhavhavhavha (paMutemo waHooke, F = kX). Kana simba rako rekupa rakaderera, chitubu hachizomanikidziki zvakanyanya, saka simba shoma richave riripo kufambisa valve pazvinenge zvichidiwa. Kunyange zvisingabatanidzwe, zvimwe zvezvinhu zvekufunga mukugadzira chikamu chevharuvhu yenzira yekuyedza yehumbowo zvinopihwa muTafura 2.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-13-2019
