Ngokutsho kweNational Fire Protection Association, kukho ngaphezu kwe-354,000 imililo yokuhlala ngonyaka, ibulala umyinge wabantu abamalunga ne-2,600 kwaye yenzakalise abantu abangaphezu kwe-11,000. Uninzi lokufa okubangelwa ngumlilo kwenzeka ebusuku xa abantu belele.
Indima ebalulekileyo yokubekwa kakuhle, i-alamu yomsi esemgangathweni ibonakala. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeiialarm zomsi -i-ionization kunye ne-photoelectric. Ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwezi zibini kunokukunceda wenze esona sigqibo silungileyo malunga nee-alamu zomsi ukukhusela ikhaya lakho okanye ishishini.
Iionizationi-alarm yomsis kunye neealam zeefoto zombane zixhomekeke kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubona imililo:
Iionizationsmokeaiilarms
Iionizationiialarm zomsi luyilo oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ziquka iipleyiti ezimbini ezitshajelwe ngombane kunye negumbi elenziwe ngesixhobo seradioactive esifaka ionizes umoya ohamba phakathi kwamacwecwe.
Iisekethe ze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwebhodi zilinganisa ngokusebenzayo i-ionization yangoku eyenziwe ngolu yilo.
Ngethuba lomlilo, iinqununu ezivuthayo zingena kwigumbi le-ionization kwaye zidibanise ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye zidibanise kunye neemolekyuli zomoya ionized, ezibangela ukuba inani leemolekyuli zomoya ionized liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo.
Iisekethe ze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwebhodi ziyalubona olu tshintsho kwigumbi kwaye, xa umyinge omiselwe kwangaphambili ugqithisiwe, i-alarm iyavuswa.
Iialam zomsi wombane
Iialam zomsi wombane ziyilwe ngokusekwe kwindlela umsi ophuma emlilweni obutshintsha ngayo ubunzulu bokukhanya emoyeni:
Ukusasazwa kokukhanya: Uninzi lweefoto zombaneizixhobo zokujonga umsi sebenza kumgaqo wokusasaza ukukhanya. Bane-beam yokukhanya kwe-LED kunye ne-photosensitive element. Umtha wokukhanya ujoliswe kwindawo apho i-photosensitive element ayinakuyibona. Nangona kunjalo, xa amasuntswana omsi omlilo angena kwindlela yesibane sokukhanya, umqadi ubetha amasuntswana omsi kwaye ujijelwe kwi-photosensitive element, ibangele i-alamu.
Ukuthintela ukukhanya: Ezinye iintlobo zee-alam zombane ziyilwe malunga nokuthintela ukukhanya. Ezi alarms zikwaqulathe umthombo wokukhanya kunye ne-photosensitive element. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, i-beam yokukhanya ithunyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-element. Xa amasuntswana omsi evalela ngokuyinxenye i-beam yokukhanya, isiphumo sesixhobo se-photosensitive siyatshintsha ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhanya. Oku kuncitshiswa kokukhanya kubonwa yi-alamu yesekethe kwaye ibangela i-alamu.
Iialamu ezidityanisiweyo: Ukongeza, kukho iindidi ngeendidi zee-alam ezidibeneyo. Indibaniselwano emininziiialarm zomsi bandakanya iteknoloji ye-ionization kunye ne-photoelectric ngethemba lokwandisa ukusebenza kwabo.
Olunye udibaniso longeza i-sensor ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne-infrared, i-carbon monoxide, kunye ne-heat sensors, ukunceda ukuqaphela ngokuchanekileyo imililo yangempela kunye nokunciphisa i-alamu yobuxoki ngenxa yezinto ezifana nomsi we-toaster, i-steam ye-shower, njalo njalo.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kwe-ionization kunyeIiAlarm zoMsi zePhotoelectric
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaqhutywa yi-Underwriters Laboratories (UL), i-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), kunye nabanye ukufumanisa umahluko ophambili wokusebenza phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini ziphambili.izixhobo zokujonga umsi.
Iziphumo zolu phononongo kunye novavanyo ngokubanzi zibonakalisa oku kulandelayo:
Iialam zomsi wombane phendula kwimililo eqhumayo ngokukhawuleza kuneealamu ze-ionization (i-15 ukuya kwi-50 imizuzu ngokukhawuleza). Imililo eqhumayo ihamba kancinci kodwa ivelisa owona msi mkhulu kwaye ngoyena nobangela ubulalayo kwimililo yeendawo zokuhlala.
Iialam zomsi we-ionization zidla ngokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kancinci (30-90 imizuzwana) kwimililo edangazelayo (imililo apho amadangatye asasazeka ngokukhawuleza) kuneealam zombane. I-NFPA iyakuqonda oko kuyilwe kakuhleiialamu photoelectric ngokubanzi zigqithise ii-alamu ze-ionization kuzo zonke iimeko zomlilo, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.
Iialamu ze-ionization aziphumelelanga ukunika ixesha elaneleyo lokuphuma rhoqoiialamu photoelectric ngexesha lomlilo oqhumayo.
Iialamu ze-ionization zibangele i-97% "yee-alamu zenkathazo"-izilumkiso zobuxoki-kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba bakhubazeke ngokupheleleyo kunezinye iintlobo zee-alamu zomsi. I-NFPA iyakuqonda okoiialarm umsi photoelectric banenzuzo ebalulekileyo ngaphezu kwee-alam ze-ionization kwi-alamu yobuxoki.
Yiyiphi i-alarm yomsi yeyona ilungileyo?
Uninzi lwabantu ababulawa ngumlilo abaphumi amadangatye kodwa kukuphefumla umsi, yiyo loo nto uninzi lokufa okunxulumene nomlilo-phantse isibini kwisithathu-kwenzeka ngelixa abantu belele.
Ukuba kunjalo, kucacile ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ne i-alarm yomsi ekwaziyo ukubona ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo imililo eqhumayo, evelisa owona msi mkhulu. Kolu didi,iialarm umsi photoelectric ngokucacileyo i-alamu ye-ionization.
Ukongeza, umahluko phakathi kwe-ionization kunyeiialamu photoelectric kwimililo evutha ngokukhawuleza yabonakala incinci, kwaye iNFPA yagqiba ukuba umgangatho ophezuluiialamu photoelectric zisenokwedlula iialam ze-ionization.
Okokugqibela, kuba iialarm zenkathazo zinokubangela ukuba abantu bangasebenziizixhobo zokujonga umsi, bebenza into engento;iialamu photoelectric zikwabonisa iadvanteji kulo mmandla, ukungakhuseleki kakhulu kwizilumkiso zobuxoki kwaye ngoko ke akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba ukhubazeke.
Ngokucacileyo,iialarm umsi photoelectric zezona zichanekileyo, zithembekileyo, kwaye ngoko ke zikhuselekile ukhetho, isiphelo esixhaswa yi-NFPA kunye nomkhwa onokubonwa kwakhona phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nemibutho yokhuseleko lomlilo.
Kwii-alamu ezidibeneyo, akukho nzuzo icacileyo okanye ebalulekileyo yabonwa. I-NFPA igqibe kwelokuba iziphumo zovavanyo aziyithethelelanga imfuneko yokufakela iteknoloji ezimbini okanyeiialarm zomsi zefotoionization, nangona kungekho nto iyingozi.
Nangona kunjalo, i-National Fire Protection Association yagqiba ukubaiialamu photoelectric kunye neenzwa ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne-CO okanye izinzwa zokushisa, phucula ukubonwa komlilo kunye nokunciphisa i-alamu yobuxoki ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-02-2024
