Ngokusho kweNational Fire Protection Association, kunemililo yezindawo zokuhlala engaphezu kuka-354,000 unyaka ngamunye, ebulala isilinganiso sabantu ababalelwa ku-2,600 futhi ilimaze abantu abangaphezu kuka-11,000. Iningi lokufa okuhlobene nomlilo kwenzeka ebusuku lapho abantu belele.
Iqhaza elibalulekile lama-alamu entuthu abekwe kahle, asezingeni liyabonakala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zeama-alamu entuthu -ionization kanye photoelectric. Ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili kungakusiza wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu mayelana nama-alamu entuthu ukuze uvikele ikhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi lakho.
I-ionizationinhlabamkhosi yentuthus futhi ama-alamu kagesi ancike ezindleleni ezihluke ngokuphelele zokuthola imililo:
I-ionizationsmokeaizibungu
I-ionizationama-alamu entuthu ziwumklamo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ahlanganisa amapuleti amabili afakwe amandla kagesi kanye negumbi elenziwe ngezinto ezikhipha imisebe ezenza ionize umoya ohamba phakathi kwamapuleti.
Amasekhethi e-elekthronikhi ngaphakathi kwebhodi akala ngenkuthalo amandla e-ionization akhiqizwa yilo mklamo.
Ngesikhathi somlilo, izinhlayiya ezivuthayo zingena ekamelweni le-ionization futhi zishayisane ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi zihlangane nama-molecule e-ionized air, okwenza inani lama-athomu omoya we-ionized linciphe ngokuqhubekayo.
Amasekhethi e-electronic ngaphakathi kwebhodi azwa lolu shintsho ekamelweni futhi, lapho umkhawulo onqunywe kusengaphambili weqiwa, i-alamu iyacushwa.
Ama-alamu entuthu kagesi wezithombe
Ama-alamu entuthu kagesi wezithombe aklanywe ngokusekelwe endleleni intuthu evela emlilweni eshintsha ngayo amandla okukhanya emoyeni:
Ukusabalalisa ukukhanya: Iningi likagesi wezithombeizithungatha intuthu sebenza ngesimiso sokuhlakazeka kokukhanya. Banokukhanya kwe-LED nento ezwelayo. I-beam yokukhanya iqondiswe endaweni i-elementi ye-photosensitive engakwazi ukuyibona. Nokho, lapho izinhlayiya zentuthu ezivela emlilweni zingena endleleni yokukhanya, i-beam ishaya izinhlayiya zentuthu futhi iphambukiselwe entweni ezwela ukukhanya, icuphe i-alamu.
Ukuvinjwa ukukhanya: Ezinye izinhlobo zama-alamu kagesi aklanywe ngokuzungeza ukuvinjwa kokukhanya. Lawa ma-alamu futhi aqukethe umthombo wokukhanya kanye ne-elementi ezwelayo. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, i-beam yokukhanya ithunyelwa ngokuqondile ku-elementi. Uma izinhlayiya zentuthu zivimbe kancane i-beam yokukhanya, okukhiphayo kwedivayisi ezwelayo kuyashintsha ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhanya. Lokhu kwehliswa kokukhanya kutholwa ukujikeleza kwe-alamu futhi kucupha i-alamu.
Ama-alamu enhlanganisela: Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-alamu ahlanganisiwe. Inhlanganisela eminingiama-alamu entuthu hlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-ionization kanye ne-photoelectric ngethemba lokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwabo.
Ezinye izinhlanganisela zengeza izinzwa ezengeziwe, ezifana ne-infrared, carbon monoxide, nezinzwa zokushisa, ukusiza ukuthola ngokunembile imililo yangempela nokunciphisa ama-alamu angamanga ngenxa yezinto ezifana nentuthu ye-toaster, isitimu seshawa, nokunye.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kwe-ionization kanyeAma-alamu entuthu kagesi
Ucwaningo oluningi lwenziwe ngabakwa-Underwriters Laboratories (UL), iNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA), kanye nabanye ukuze kutholakale umehluko obalulekile wokusebenza phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zeizithungatha intuthu.
Imiphumela yalezi zifundo nokuhlola ngokuvamile yembula lokhu okulandelayo:
Ama-alamu entuthu kagesi wezithombe phendula emlilweni oshunqayo ngokushesha kakhulu kunama-alamu e-ionization (imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-50 ngokushesha). Imililo eshunqayo ihamba kancane kodwa ikhiqiza intuthu eminingi futhi iyisici esiyingozi kakhulu emililo yezindlu.
Ama-alamu entuthu ye-ionization ngokuvamile aphendula ngokushesha kancane (imizuzwana engu-30-90) emililweni evutha ngokushesha (imililo lapho amalangabi asakazeka ngokushesha) kunama-alamu kagesi. I-NFPA iyakubona lokho kuklanywe kahlealamu photoelectric ngokuvamile idlula ama-alamu e-ionization kuzo zonke izimo zomlilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni nempahla.
Ama-alamu e-ionization ahlulekile ukunikeza isikhathi esanele sokuphuma kaningialamu photoelectric ngesikhathi somlilo oshunqayo.
Ama-alamu e-ionization adale ama-97% "ama-alamu enkathazo"-ama-alamu angamanga-futhi, ngenxa yalokho, maningi amathuba okuthi akhutshazwe ngokuphelele kunezinye izinhlobo zama-alamu entuthu. I-NFPA iyakubona lokhophotoelectric intuthu alamu ube nenzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kwama-alamu e-ionization ekuzweleni kwe-alamu okungamanga.
Yikuphi inhlabamkhosi yentuthu okungcono kakhulu?
Iningi labantu abafa ngenxa yomlilo akubangelwa amalangabi kodwa ukuhogela intuthu, yingakho iningi labantu abafayo ngenxa yomlilo.-cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu-zenzeka ngesikhathi abantu belele.
Uma kunjalo, kuyacaca ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ne inhlabamkhosi yentuthu ekwazi ukubona ngokushesha nangokunembile imililo eshunqayo, ekhipha intuthu eningi. Kulesi sigaba,photoelectric intuthu alamu ngokucacile ukwedlula ama-alamu e-ionization.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko phakathi ionization kanyealamu photoelectric emililo evutha ngokushesha ibonakale imincane, futhi i-NFPA yaphetha ngokuthi izinga eliphezulualamu photoelectric kusengenzeka ukuthi zidlulele kuma-alamu e-ionization.
Okokugcina, njengoba ama-alamu enkathazo angabangela abantu ukuba bakhubazeizithungatha intuthu, bebenza ize,alamu photoelectric futhi ikhombisa inzuzo kule ndawo, ukungathinteki kakhulu kuma-alamu amanga futhi ngenxa yalokho mancane amathuba okuthi ukhutshazwe.
Ngokusobala,photoelectric intuthu alamu ukukhetha okunembe kakhulu, okuthembekile, futhi okuphephe kakhulu, isiphetho esisekelwa i-NFPA kanye nenkambiso engabonwa futhi phakathi kwabakhiqizi nezinhlangano zokuphepha emlilweni.
Kuma-alamu ahlanganisiwe, akukho nzuzo ecacile noma ebalulekile ebonwe. I-NFPA iphethe ngokuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ayizange ithethelele imfuneko yokufaka ubuchwepheshe obukabili nomaphotoionization intuthu alamu, nakuba kungekho okulimazayo.
Kodwa-ke, iNational Fire Protection Association yaphetha ngokuthialamu photoelectric ngezinzwa ezengeziwe, njenge-CO noma izinzwa zokushisa, zenza ngcono ukutholwa komlilo futhi zinciphise ama-alamu amanga kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-02-2024
